Journeys of Faith: The Hijrah from Makkah to Madinah
As modern-day travellers, we thought it would be interesting to reflect on the ancient journeys of faith, which underpin Islam. None is of greater significance than the Hijrah, which saw Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his followers travel from Makkah to Yathrib (the old name for Madinah).
As an increasing number of you decide to plan your own independent DIY Umrah trips to follow in the footsteps of the Prophet (SAW) and spend time exploring the sights in and around Makkah and Madinah, which were significant to him and the Sahaba, it is important to understand the history of this journey.
Hijrah marks one of the most crucial turning points in Islamic history. Its importance is reflected in Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab's (RA) decision to establish the moment as the starting point of the Islamic Hijri calendar.
When you are ready to plan your own journey, our DIY Umrah Planner will give you expert tips to find the best hotels in Makkah and Madinah for you and your family.
The context
In the early years of Islam, the Prophet (SAW) and his followers faced hostility and persecution in Makkah. Islam was a radical departure from the established tribal norms and that angered the ruling Quraysh tribe.
Despite the hardships faced by Muslims, Islam continued to grow. And as Islam grew, so did the persecution. By 622 CE, the situation had worsened and the need for Muslims to relocate became unavoidable. Madinah, located around 300 miles north of Makkah, was an oasis town with a history of dispute between the Aws and the Khazraj tribes.
The leaders of the tribes heard about the Prophet's (SAW) reputation as a trustworthy leader and invited him to help resolve their conflicts. In return, they pledged their loyalty to him and accepted Islam.
Persecution of Muslims intensifies
As the Muslim community grew in Madinah and the persecution in Makkah intensified, the divine edict to migrate came. Many of the early emigrants left discreetly in small groups throughout the year to attract less attention. They took unfrequented paths through the desert, often under the cover of night, to avoid detection by the Quraysh.
As word spread of the Prophet's (SAW) impending move to Madinah, a larger migration started. Umar (RA), who later became the second caliph, moved to Madinah just before the Prophet (SAW).
Unlike other Muslims who left in secret, Umar (RA) openly and proudly announced his departure from the Kaaba. He dared anyone to oppose him and led a small group of Muslims to Madinah.
The Prophet (SAW) remained in Makkah for as long as possible to facilitate the safe passage of his followers. He was also waiting for Allah's (SWT) command for him to make the move.
When the rulers of Makkah issued an order for his murder, the permission came. The Quraysh did not want the Prophet (SAW) to leave. They knew his migration would allow Islam to gain a stronghold in Madinah, which would potentially threaten their dominance in the region.
The Prophet (SAW) leaves for Madinah
The Prophet (SAW) had become aware of the plot and foiled the attack. When the assassins came to kill the Prophet (SAW), they found Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) in his bed instead of him. The Prophet (SAW) had left secretly a few hours earlier, accompanied by his father-in-law and friend Abu Bakar (RA).
But the Quraysh were hot on their heels.
They avoided the main caravan routes and headed into the mountains. Knowing the enemies of the Prophet (SAW) were in hot pursuit, they sought refuge in a cave nestled within the mountain Jabal al-Thawr to the south of Makkah. The Prophet (SAW) and his companions hid from the Quraysh for three days and nights. Whilst they hid, a spider weaved a web at the cave entrance, and a pigeon laid eggs nearby, which misled the pursuers into believing the cave was undisturbed.
The mountain, with the cave at its summit, is easy to visit during your stay in Makkah. It is located to the south of the city and the steep climb up will take a fit person a couple of hours.
The Prophet's (SAW) interactions with people along the migration route have been carefully preserved in Islamic history. One of those stories is of Umm Ma'bad (RA), an elderly Bedouin woman who lived on the outskirts of Makkah. She was known for being kind to travellers, offering them food and shelter from the little she had.
When the Prophet (SAW) and his entourage arrived at her house, she only had a goat that could not produce milk. The Prophet (SAW) miraculously got milk from the goat and Umm Ma’bad (RA) and her family were amazed by this blessing. Her poetic description of the Prophet's (SAW) features is one of history's most eloquent and detailed.
A historic welcome - arrival in Madinah
Another key historical moment during the Hijrah occurred when the Prophet (SAW) stopped in the village of Quba, near Madinah. He laid the foundation of the first mosque in Islam – Masjid Quba. Initially built around 4 miles from Madinah, the original structure was constructed with mud bricks and date palm trunks.
It’s worthwhile spending some time staying in Madinah to visit the Masjid Quba and other important Islamic sites.
After his brief stay in Quba, where Ali (RA) joined him from Makkah, the Prophet (SAW) and his companions entered Madinah. His arrival was met with jubilation, and the people and children of the city greeted him with the famous song "Tala' al-Badru 'Alayna" (The Full Moon Has Risen Upon Us).
The Hijrah route was a pivotal journey and a critical moment in Islamic history. From the Cave of Thawr to Masjid Quba, these historical sites are reminders of faith, perseverance, and divine protection. Combining your Umrah trip with ziyarat to these sacred places in Madinah will add a whole new dimension to your stay.
Planning your own journey to Makkah and Madinah
Retracing the footsteps of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his companions by following the migration route offers travellers a chance to connect with one of Islam's most momentous journeys. For even more inspiration, read our dedicated blog article: Sites from the Seerah: Retracing the footsteps of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
Use our Halalbooking guide for more detailed information on how to do Umrah and start planning your DIY Umrah trip today. We also have a detailed blog article: Our Guide to DIY Umrah: The Most Rewarding Trip.